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Written by. Hasrawati Hasan, S.Pd
Kompetensi Dasar:
3. 6. Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan/tindakan/ kegiatan/ kejadian yang dilakukan/terjadi di waktu lampau yang merujuk waktu terjadinya dan kesudahannya, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan unsur kebahasaan simple past tense vs present perfect tense)
4.5 Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional, lisan dan tulis, pendek dan sederhana, yang melibatkan tindakan unsur dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan/tindakan/ kegiatan/ kejadian yang dilakukan/terjadi di waktu lampau yang merujuk waktu terjadinya dan kesudahannya, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks
Source : Hasrawati Hasan Sandiong Channel
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Social Function of Transactional
Interaction Text (Past Event)
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Stating and asking about actions/events that were done/occurred in the past which refers to the time of its occurrence with reference to its ending.
Artinya :
Menyatakan dan menanyakan tentang tindakan/kejadian yang dilakukan/terjadi di waktu lampau yang merujuk waktu terjadinya dengan yang merujuk pada kesudahannya.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Structure Text of Transactional
Interaction Text (Past Event)
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== Present Perfect Tense ==
* Present Perfect Tense is used to talk:
a) An action that happened at an unspecified time.
b) An action that has recently occurred
c) An action that began in the past and continues up to the present
d) An action that happened repeatedly before now
for example :
My father has bought a new motorcycle.
My friends and I have just been to Losari Beach.
I have studied at Malang State University for two months ago
I have read that book for several times.
* The sentence patterns are:
(+) Affirmative sentences ------ Subject + has / have + Verb-3 + Complement
The students have just finished their tasks.
(-) negative sentences ------ Subject + hasn't / haven't + Verb-3 + Complement
My friends haven't visited my home yet.
(?) simple Interrogative sentences ----- has/ have + subject + Verb-3 + Complement
Have you finished your tasks?
(?) Information Interrogative sentences ----- QW + has/ have + subject + Verb-3 + Complement
How much money have you spent so far?
== Simple Past Tense ==
* Simple Past Tense is used to talk:
a) An action that began and ended at a particular time in the past.
b) An action that occurred over a period of time but was completed in the past
c) An activity that took place regularly in the past.
for example :
My mother cooked fried rice Last morning.
Mrs. Janet taught English for Twenty years. (She doesn’t teach English at present)
When My brother was seven years old, he took an English course there.
* The sentence patterns are verbal sentences:
(+) Affirmative sentences ------ Subject + Verb-2 + Complement
Hikma attended my birthday party last year.
(-) negative sentences ------ Subject + didn’t + Verb-1 + Complement
She didn’t bring any present for me
(?) simple Interrogative sentences ------ did + subject + Verb-1 + Complement
Did she come alone to your party last year?
(?) Information Interrogative sentences ------ QW + did + subject + Verb-1 + Complement
Where did you celebrate your birthday party last year?
* The sentence patterns are Nomina sentences:
(+) Affirmative sentences ------ Subject + was/were + non verb
She was sad last night because she didn't find her favorite night gown.
(-) negative sentences ------ Subject + wasn't/weren't + non verb
He was not happy because you came late to her party.
(?) simple Interrogative sentences ------ was/were + subject + non verb
were you bored in her party last night?
(?) Information Interrogative sentences ------ QW + was/were + subject + non verb
Where were you last night?, I didn't see in the Jane's Birthday party.
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Language features of Transactional
Interaction Text (Past Event)
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Present Perfect vs. Simple Past
The present perfect should be used when the timing is unimportant or unexplained.
Meaning :
Present perfect seharusnya digunakan saat waktu kejadian tidak penting atau tidak dijelaskan.for examples :
I have lived in Makassar.
They have eaten Korean food.
Have you watched my new video?
We have been to Bone.
Adverbial for Present Perfect Tense:
already, just, yet, ever, never, for, since, before, so far, many times
The simple past should be used when details about the time or place of the incident are explained or requested.
Meaning :
Past tense seharusnya digunakan saat rincian tentang waktu atau tempat kejadian dijelaskan atau diminta.for examples :
I lived in Makassar in 1985.
They ate Korean food in that restaurant last night.
Where did you watch my new video?
When did you go to Bone?
Adverbial for Past Simple Tense:
yesterday, a week (month, year) ago, last (month, year, weekend, Monday) night, the day before yesterday, two days (months, years) ago.
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Using Present perfect tense
for Conversation I
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Maria : Hi Stacey, have you ever been to Australia?
(Hai Stacey, Apakah kamu pernah ke Australia?)
Stacey : No I haven’t but I have been to New Zealand. How about you have you ever
been to Australia?
(Aku belum pernah ke Australia, tetapi aku sudah pernah ke New Zealand. Bagaimana dengan kamu, apakah kamu sudah pernah ke Australia? )
Maria : Yeah I have been there. You have to visit Australia Stacey.
I have had a lot of great experiences.
(Ya aku sudah pernah kesana. Kamu harus mengunjungi Australia. Aku telah mempunyai banyak pengalaman).
Stacey : Tell me about your experience there!
(Beritahu aku tentang pengalamanmu disana!)
Maria : Well…. Start from the English Course. Since my English is not that good,
I want to improve my speaking skill. So, I went there by using Student Visa.
(Ok, dimulai dari mengikuti kursus bahasa Inggris. Sejak bahasa Inggrisku belum terlalu bagus, aku ingin meningkatkan kemampuan berbicaraku. Jadi aku pergi kesana dengan menggunakan Visa Pelajar).
Stacey : Waooo sounds interesting.
(Waoww kedengarannya menarik).
Maria : Now tell about New Zealand.
Have you visited a place that used for shooting The Lord of the Ring?
(Sekarang beri tahu aku mengenai New Zealand. Apakah kamu pernah mengunjungi tempat yang digunakan untuk pemotretan The Lord of The Ring?).
Stacey : Yes, I have visited that place. It is located in Wellington.
It was so terrific, beautiful and amazing.
This is the first time that I have ever seen awesome landscapes.
(Ya, aku sudah mengunjungi tempat itu. Tempatnya terletak di Wellington. Tempat itu sangat hebat, indah dan menakjubkan. Ini adalah pertama kalinya aku pernah melihat pemandangan yang mengagumkan).
Maria : OOhhh I am so envy with you.
(Aku sangat iri padamu).
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Using simple past tense
for Conversation 2
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Arnold : Hi Dude how was your day?
(Hai bro, gimana harimu kemarin?)
Ben : I haven't had better days.
(Tidak sebaik hari-hari sebelumnya)
Arnold : Why? What happened?
(Kenapa? Apa yang terjadi?)
Ben : I got an accident two days ago.
(Aku tertimpa kecelakaan dua hari yang lalu)
Arnold : What a pity. How did it happen?
(Aduh, kasian. Kenapa itu bisa terjadi?)
Ben : It happened when I was going to one of my friend’s house, Tony.
When I started to walk out from the pavement, and was going to cross
the road, suddenly the car hit me from beside.
Luckily I was saved by my friend, Jack. He grabbed my hand quickly.
(Itu terjadi ketika aku akan pergi ke rumah temanku, Tony. Ketika aku berjalan keluar dari trotoar dan ingin menyeberang jalan, tiba-tiba ada mobil menyerempetku dari samping. Untungnya aku diselamatkan oleh temanku Jack. Dia menarik tanganku dengan cepat)
Arnold : What happened next? Did you get hurt a lot?
(Apa yang terjadi selanjutnya? Apakah kamu terkena luka yang banyak?)
Ben : I had few wounds. But now I’m getting much better. Only the scars left.
(Aku punya beberapa luka. Tapi sekarang aku jauh lebih baik. Hanya bekas luka yang tersisa)
Arnold : It’s nice to hear that.
(Senang mendengarnya)
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Question list of conversation
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Conversation I
What is the conversation talks about?
Who has ever been to Australia?
Who has ever been to New Zealand?
What are Maria's experiences?
What are Stacey's experiences?
What are the kind of tenses using the conversation I?
Please write down the language feature of conversation I!
Conversation 2
What is the conversation talks about?
Who got an accident?
When did the accident happen?
How did it happen?
What are the kind of tenses using the conversation 2?
Please write down the language feature of conversation 2!
References:
Saefurrohman, Ph.D. 2019. English for Public Information, Kemendikbud.
Lande Shyla K, & Astuti Eka Mulya. 2018. Forward an English Grade X. Jakarta. Penerbit Erlangga
https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/verbs/the-present-perfect-simple-tense/ retrieved on October 6, 2021 10.01 PM
https://www.englishcafe.co.id/contoh-percakapan-bahasa-inggris-dengan-menggunakan-simple-past-tense/ retrieved on October 30, 2021 22.33 pm
https://www.englishcafe.co.id/contoh-percakapan-bahasa-inggris-dengan-menggunakan-simple-present-perfect-tense/ retrieved on October 30, 2021 22.33 pm
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